Correctly loading and connecting a trailer to your towing vehicle can be challenging, however necessary for safe and efficient travel. Incorrectly loaded trailers can lead to minor and fatal accidents, as well as damage to goods. We have outlined below expert advice and guidelines to load your trailer effectively, from weight distribution, securing your cargo and hitching to tow vehicles hassle-free.
Start by accurately determining the weight of your cargo and understand your towing vehicle’s capacity to prevent overloading. Achieving optimal weight distribution is key, however if in doubt, consult the trailer manufacturer for guidance.
Overloading your trailer is illegal and unsafe. Check your towing vehicle’s Gross Trailer Weight Rating (GTWR), often printed on a sticker on the windshield or driver’s side door. This refers to its weight, including cargo, occupants, and attachments.
In addition, note the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of your trailer the maximum weight limit when fully loaded. Trailer manufacturers always provide this data in the product description or on a sticker on the trailer. Subtract the trailer’s weight from the total GVWR to determine how much load it can carry safely.
Before loading a tipper trailer, or any trailer, ensure it is parked on a level surface. This is crucial to prevent shifting or tipping when you start loading, as well as allows plenty of room for your vehicle to be hitched.
This prevents moving and rolling and limits shifting once you add weight to the trailer. If you hitch your trailer before loading, place the vehicle in park and engage the emergency brake to stabilise the trailer.
When arranging items in your trailer, consider a 60-40 weight distribution towards the front of the trailer. This rule ensures that approximately 60% of the weight is positioned at the front end, while the back holds 40%. Proper weight distribution is crucial for safe driving because it reduces cargo shift and ensures the trailer remains stable when you are in motion.
Load the largest or tallest items that easily lose balance at the front. Ensure these items are even or in front of the trailer’s axle, considering this part is the shortest distance from the back of the towing vehicle.
Loading the top-heavy items first makes it easier to tie down your cargo since these items have less impact on your vehicle when in motion.
Place heavy and dense cargo directly over the axle if it cannot be spread across the tipper trailer bed. These may include bulky furniture, appliances, and small vehicle equipment. Ensure they are closer to the top-heavy items you loaded earlier to provide additional support from the back.
Pack all items as closely as possible to reduce shifting and sliding when in motion.
Following the 60-40 rule, you will use the remaining space at the back to load smaller items. The heaviest items in this category should be placed on the floor while the rest go on top.
Once all the cargo is loaded, you must secure it from multiple angles using tie-downs. Use drape ropes, chains, or nylon webbings across the cargo. Pull the ties tight and fasten the ends to the attachment options on the trailer. Before hitching and towing the trailer, double-check each connection and ensure the security of all items.
Park the towing vehicle and tipper trailer (as example) back-to-front on level ground and measure the height of their hitches. Use a tape measure to calculate the distance from the ground to the hitch top or receiver opening on the vehicle. The second measurement is from the ground to the top of the trailer’s coupler.
After confirming the height, slowly back your towing vehicle to the trailer and stop when the hitch ball is positioned directly above or below the trailer coupler. It may take a few turns to line up the two components precisely, so you must be patient. Lower the coupler to the hitch ball to connect the trailer to your vehicle. Trailer manufacturers add built-in jacks to assist with quick and easy hitching. Ensure you reinforce the connection between the vehicle and trailer hitches using chains to act as a failsafe in case the hitch has issues.
Although trailers differ, the safe loading standards apply for all categories. Neglecting proper loading practices may subject you to legal issues, which attract huge fines and unsafe towing. Following these guidelines, you can safely load your trailer by prioritising weight distribution, securing your loads and adhering to safety regulations.
